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  • How many refineries does Türkiye have?
  • As of January 1, 2023, Türkiye had six refineries with a combined processing capacity of over 826,000 b/d. Türkiye Petrol Rafinerileri AŞ (Tüpraş) operates four of the six refineries and accounts for 71% of the total refining capacity, and Ersan Petrol Sanayi AŞ and STAR Rafineri AŞ collectively hold 243,000 b/d of refining capacity.12
  • Who owns the oil industry in Türkiye?
  • State-owned TPAO is the primary exploration and production entity in Türkiye. TPAO has preferential rights in petroleum exploration and production, and any foreign involvement in upstream activities is limited to joint ventures with TPAO. As of January 1, 2023, Türkiye had six refineries with a combined processing capacity of over 826,000 b/d.
  • How much petroleum does Türkiye import?
  • Türkiye imports nearly all of its petroleum and other liquids. Less than 9% of Türkiye’s demand for petroleum and other liquids was met with domestic production in 2022 (Figure 1). 2). On December 26, 2022, Türkiye announced the discovery of a 2 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) reserve in the Caycuma-1 field.
  • Which country imports the most crude oil to Türkiye?
  • Russia was the largest source of crude oil, LNG, and petroleum products (60% crude oil and 37% refined oil products) in aggregate to Türkiye, representing 34% of Türkiye’s seaborne imports, while the United States accounted for the second-most crude oil, LNG, and petroleum product imports, at 13% of total imports.
  • Where is Ersan refinery located?
  • Ersan Refinery in Kahramanmaras province is Türkiye’s newest refinery. It was built near the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) and BOTAŞ Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipelines and 75 miles from the Ceyhan oil terminal to economically access crude oil supply and meet petroleum product needs.13
  • Will Türkiye increase its natural gas storage capacity in 2022?
  • Iraq notified Türkiye’s pipeline operator BOTAŞ to resume flows from Iraq on May 13, 2023.3,4,5 Türkiye will greatly increase its natural gas storage capacity from about 155 billion cubic feet (Bcf) in 2022 to more than 353 Bcf by the end of 2023.