•                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  • Are small-scale palm oil processing mills causing environmental problems in Ghana?
  • The environmental impact of small-scale palm oil processing mills in Ghana has come under serious questioning, especially the disposal of wastewater generated from their operations.
  • Are wastewater treatment technologies applicable to small-scale palm oil processing mills in Ghana?
  • Additional studies are needed in other palm oil production regions of Ghana to generate national-level data. This will guide the development of a compendium of wastewater treatment technologies applicable to small-scale processing mills in Ghana. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
  • How many palm oil mills are there in Ghana?
  • Available data shows that there were more than 1200 small-scale mills in Ghana [ 11] producing 60–80% of the national palm oil production [ 2, 15 ]. By 2015, the small-scale industry was employing over 2 million people [ 4] mostly in rural areas. 2. The problem and contribution of the chapter
  • Is crude palm oil extraction a source of livelihood in Ghana?
  • Crude palm oil extraction is one of the sources of livelihood in Ghana's Central Region. However, the water use and wastewater generation associated with the industry have not been given adequate attention. This study assessed the water consumption and wastewater generation by small-scale crude palm oil extraction mills in the region.
  • Do palm oil processing mills need a permit in Ghana?
  • Palm oil processing mills (small-, medium- and large-scale) are required under Regulation 1 of the Ghana Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652) to register with and obtain environmental permit from the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) prior to the commencement of the undertaking.
  • How is palm oil processed in Ghana?
  • Palm oil is processed from fresh fruits using various techniques that differ in the level of mechanization and interconnecting material transfer mechanisms. The scale of operations also differs at the level of processing. Palm oil processing in Ghana (like other West African countries) is undertaken by four (4) distinct groups of actors [ 10 ].