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  • What are the applications of enzymatic methods in oil extraction?
  • Applications of enzymatic methods in oil extraction from oilseeds, crude oil refining, protein recovery from defatted meal, and enzymatic reactions for modification of the extracted oil to improve quality and functional and nutritional properties are assessed.
  • Why is enzyme selection important in aqueous enzymatic oil extraction?
  • Appropriate enzyme selection is the key to efficient aqueous enzymatic oil extraction. Suitability of an enzyme or enzyme mixture is governed by the chemical composition of the seeds.
  • Why are enzymes used in oil extraction?
  • Enzymes have been used as processing aids to break up very complex physical seed structure and oil/protein assemblies referred to as oleosomes and release oil for easy recovery 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, potentially reducing the amount of water needed for oil extraction as compared with the aqueous oil-extraction method.
  • What are the disadvantages of enzymatic oil extraction?
  • Major disadvantages of the enzymatic oil-extraction processes are the high cost of enzymes, limited enzyme recycling options, and residual wet meal/defatted seed material that needs to be dried for storage and further reuse.
  • Is enzyme-aided oil neutralization effective for high FFA-content oils?
  • However, the process is energy-intensive. Although enzyme-aided oil neutralization has been examined 21, 22 the process is still at research and development stage, not commercial yet. The latter process is beneficial for high FFA-content oils.
  • Is enzyme-aided oil refining a viable alternative technology?
  • Hence, enzyme-aided oil refining can be an alternative technology to enhance sustainability of the refining process. Degumming is the first step in crude oil refining.