•                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  • What are the uses of soybean oil residues in a biorefinery?
  • Residues obtained during soybean oil extraction, as well as the ones obtained from refining and from concentration of proteins, can generate products with commercial value and/or be used to provide energy for the biorefinery itself.
  • How is soybean oil processed?
  • The crude oil is refined via degumming, neutralization, bleaching and deodorization. In Case B, part of the soybean meal undergoes additional processing to co-produce Soy Protein Concentrate (SPC) and Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) which contain 65% and 92% protein on a dry basis, respectively.
  • What residues are produced during soybean processing?
  • Bearing the exposed in mind, this review aims to identify the residues generated during soybean processing into refined soybean oil, soy protein concentrate (SPC) and soy protein isolate (SPI), the composition of each residue and possible products and applications for all these residues.
  • What is a soybean processing facility?
  • A soybean processing facility, in which refined oil, soy protein concentrate and soy protein isolate are produced, generates residues that if undergo additional industrial operations may result in new products with commercial value.
  • Can biodiesel be produced from bleaching clay from soybean oil refining?
  • Huang and Chang [ 76] also studied the production of biodiesel from spent bleaching clay from soybean oil refining. In this case, the samples had already passed through a primary recovery in the plant, using steam at 294 kPa.
  • What lignocellulosic materials are used in crude oil refining?
  • As soybean hulls, sugarcane bagasse, oil palm empty bunches, mesocarp fiber, and oil palm shells are also lignocellulosic materials and similar applications for these residues were studied too. During crude oil refining, both soybean and oil palm generate distillates rich in, among other components, fatty acids and vitamin E.