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  • What is the mass balance of palm oil processing?
  • The mass balance of the palm oil process is shown in Fig. 2 with solid waste (biomass) as the concern. During palm oil processing, a palm oil mill with 30 tones/h capacity can convert FFB into solid waste with 22.49% EFB, 10.62% fibers, and 5.2% shell. Proximate Analysis, Ultimate Analysis, and Energy Contained of Biomass.
  • How much waste is produced from palm oil?
  • From mass balance, the production of 1 ton of crude palm oil generates 1.41 tons of empty fruit bunch, 0.93 ton of fibers and 0.34 ton of shells as solid waste (Kramanandita et al., 2014). About 85% of fibers and 15% of shells and empty fruit bunches are used as fuel for steam production in boilers. ...
  • How do palm oil mills meet energy requirements?
  • In a study report, Kramanandita et al. (2014) stated that to meet the energy requirements of the palm oil mills, the solid wastes can be converted into biohydrogen, biogas, and bioethanol, while the liquid wastes can be converted into biogas and biohydrogen and water sources.
  • How to make crude palm oil?
  • The first stage to produce crude palm oil was to cook the FFB by using steam at pressure of 50 psig. The sterilization process was carried out for 90 minutes under temperature of 150°C. For every one ton of FFB processed, a total of 200 kg steam was required for tilting sterilizer.
  • How much palm oil is produced a year?
  • In 2014 the estimated palm oil production in those countries was 54,800 million tons or almost 89% of the world palm oil production (Indexmundi, 2016). From mass balance, the production of 1 ton of crude palm oil generates 1.41 tons of empty fruit bunch, 0.93 ton of fibers and 0.34 ton of shells as solid waste (Kramanandita et al., 2014).
  • How many palm oil mills use biogas capturing system?
  • Out of the 450 palm oil mills in the country, only 90 mills representing 20% has installed biogas capturing system. Currently, 360 palm oil mills representing 80% of the total palm oil mills treat their generated POME in open ponding, 52 mills representing 12% uses Digester Tank while 38 mills (8%) treat the POME in Covered Lagoon.